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books التحويل من grid إلى ground

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التحويل من Grid إلى Ground (Book)


It is virtually impossible for the combined State Plane coordinate factors, also known as grid factors, to be the same throughout a project, nevertheless it has become common practice in recent years to ignore this fact. It has also become common practice to express such projects in coordinates that are not on the State Plane at all. These are euphemistically known as ground coordinates. In both cases as the projects grow larger the resulting discrepancies become substantial. Here is why.