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| Author: | Mathieu Eychenne |
| Category: | Unspecified Category [Edit] |
| Language: | English |
| Publisher: | المعهد الفرنسي للدراسات العربية |
| ISBN: | 9782351593813 |
| Release Date: | 17 Dec 2013 |
| Pages: | 605 |
| Rank: | 824,702 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
Les conflits qui imprégnèrent l’histoire du Proche-Orient médiéval, des croisades aux invasions mongoles, rendirent nécessaire la présence de guerriers au cœur du pouvoir. Les Mamelouks, esclaves militaires, affranchis pour accéder au titre d’émir, gouvernèrent l’Égypte et la Syrie, à partir de 1250, avec le titre de sultan, et furent de ceux qui défendirent le monde musulman contre les périls du temps.
La singularité de la société mamelouke tient non seulement au fait que d’anciens esclaves, capturés enfants dans les plaines d’Asie centrale et dans le Caucase, soient devenus des leaders politiques, mais aussi que la société concernée ait été composée de deux groupes élitaires complémentaires : d’une part, les Mamelouks, turcophones arabisés, convertis à l’islam, détenant le pouvoir politique et constituant les forces armées ; d’autre part, les ulémas, arabophones, musulmans de naissance, lettrés détenant les fonctions religieuses, celles de la judicature et de la transmission du savoir.
En cela réside le difficile enjeu du présent ouvrage : saisir, de façon aussi fine que possible, au-delà de la distinction et des rapports de domination, les modalités de cette longue coexistence, et étudier, comprendre et restituer la complexité des interactions et des relations que Mamelouks et élites civiles et religieuses ont su tisser entre eux.
Pour ce faire, cette étude se concentre sur le règne des sultans turcs (1250-1382), la Dawlat al-Atrāk. Par une analyse des liens personnels, de leur formation et de leur nature plurielle, elle entend non seulement replacer l’individu et ses pratiques au cœur de la recherche, mais encore reconstruire les réseaux de relations de cette époque et montrer leur importance dans l’exercice du pouvoir et l’élaboration du contrat social.
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