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المملكة البطلمية (Info)


تضم هذه المقالة مصادرَ مُستشهداً بها بشكلٍ عام أو بشكل غير دقيق، وبالتالي لا يمكن تحديد موقعها بسهولة في مصادرها. فضلًا، ساهم بتحسينها بعزو الاستشهادات إلى المصادر في متن المقالة.

بدأت المملكة البطلمية (  ‎/‏ˌ t ɒ l ə ˈ m eɪ . ɪ k ‎/‏; (باليونانية: Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία)‏) في وحول مصر بعد فتح الإسكندر الأكبر في عام 332 قبل الميلاد وانتهت مع وفاة كليوباترا السابعة والفتح الروماني في عام 30 قبل الميلاد. وتأسست المملكة عندما أعلن بطليموس الأول سوتر (Ptolemy I Soter) نفسه فرعونًا على مصر، وأسس الدولة الهيلينستية القوية الممتدة من جنوب سوريا إلى قوريني (Cyrene) وجنوبًا إلى النوبة. وأصبحت الإسكندرية عاصمة ومركز للثقافة اليونانية إضافة إلى كونها مركزًا تجاريًا. ولكي يحصلون على اعتراف الشعب المصري كحكام، سموا أنفسهم خلفاء الفراعنة. وبمرور الوقت انخرط البطالمة في التقاليد المصرية من خلال تزويج أشقائهم بمصريين وأصبحوا يرسمون أنفسهم على المعالم الأثرية العامة على النمط المصري وارتدوا اللباس المصري وشاركوا في الحياة الدينية المصرية. واصلت الثقافة الهيلنيستية ازدهارها في مصر حتى بعد فتح مصر. إلا أن البطالمة حاربوا الثورات المصرية إضافة إلى مشاركتهم في الحروب الخارجية والأهلية مما أدى إلى انهيار مملكتهم وضمها من قبل الإمبراطورية الرومانية.

كتابات أخرى

  • Bingen, Jean. Hellenistic Egypt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007 (hardcover, ISBN 0-7486-1578-4; paperback, ISBN 0-7486-1579-2). Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007 (hardcover, ISBN 0-520-25141-5; paperback, ISBN 0-520-25142-3).
  • Bowman, Alan Keir. 1996. Egypt After the Pharaohs: 332 BC–AD 642; From Alexander to the Arab Conquest. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press
  • Chauveau, Michel. 2000. Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society under the Ptolemies. Translated by David Lorton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
  • Ellis, Simon P. 1992. Graeco-Roman Egypt. Shire Egyptology 17, ser. ed. Barbara G. Adams. Aylesbury: Shire Publications, ltd.
  • Hölbl, Günther. 2001. A History of the Ptolemaic Empire. Translated by Tina Saavedra. London: Routledge Ltd.
  • Lloyd, Alan Brian. 2000. "The Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BC)". In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. 395–421
Source: wikipedia.org
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