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الإمبراطورية البطلمية (Info)


  •  مقالات مفصلة: المملكة البطلمية
  • الأسرة البطلمية

كانت السلالة البطلمية أسرة ملكية يونانية والتي حكمت الإمبراطورية البطلمية في مصر أثناء العصر الهلنستي.

كان بطليموس أحد الحراس السبعة والذي خدم الإسكندر الأكبر كأحد جينرالاته ونوابه، وتم تعيينه حاكما على مصر بعد وفاة الإسكندر في 323 ق.م. في 305 ق.م أعلن بطليموس نفسه الملك بطليموس الأول. بعد فترة قصيرة قبل المصريون البطلميين كخلفاء للفراعنة على مصر المستقلة. حكمت عائلة بطليموس مصر حتى الغزو الروماني في 30 ق.م. أخذ كل الحكام الرجال من السلالة الاسم بطليموس.

بدأت مصر البطلمية عندما أعلن بطليموس الأول نفسه فرعون مصر في 305 ق.م وانتهت بوفاة كليوباترا السابعة ملكة مصر وبالغزو الروماني في 30 ق.م. كانت المملكة البطلمية دولة هلنستية قوية والتي امتدت من جنوب سوريا شرقا وحتى القيروان غربا، ومن النوبة جنوبا وحتى البحر المتوسط شمالا. أصبحت الإسكندرية العاصمة ومركز الثقافة والتجارة اليونانية. من أجل كسب اعتراف المصريين اعتبروا أنفسهم خلفاء للفراعنة. أخذ البطالمة اللاحقين التقاليد المصرية وصوروا أنفسهم في الآثار العامة على الطريقة المصرية والملابس المصرية، وشاركوا في الحياة الدينية المصرية. استمرت الثقافة الهلنستية في الازدهار في مصر حتى بعد الغزو الإسلامي. واجه البطالمة الثورات من المصريين كثيرا بسبب كونهم نظاما غير مرغوب فيه كما شاركوا في عدة حروب أهلية وخارجية والتي أدت إلى انحدار المملكة وإطاحة روما بهم.

Source: wikipedia.org
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