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| Author: | Ghassan Yaqoub |
| Category: | Darwin's Theory And Evolution [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Publisher: | الشركة العالمية للكتاب |
| ISBN: | 155206526 |
| Release Date: | 01 Jan 1994 |
| Pages: | 206 |
| Rank: | 191,089 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
يقصد بالتطور الذهني مجموع مراحل النمو المختلفة التي ينتقل فيها تفكير الطفل من حالة الغموض والبدائية إلى حالة المنطق والوضوح في المفاهيم والإدراكات، فالطفل في الأشهر الأولى من حياته يلعب بأصابع قدميه وكأنه يلعب بشيء خارج عنه لا يخصّه، ويبقى الطفل حتى حدود الثامنة يعتقد بأن القمر يرافقه أو يمشي معه، وان القمر له أقدام يمشي عليها وأن الدمية تشعر وتحس، لذا نرى الطفل يعانق الدمية حتى تنام.
كل هذا يدل على أن تفكير الطفل يختلف تماماً عن تفكير الراشد، وقد أظهر علماء النفس الفروق القائمة من هذه الناحية بين الطفل والراشد، فالطفل لا يمكن اعتباره رجلاً صغيراً كما كان يعتقد الناس قديماً... إن للطفل عالمه الخاص ومفاهيمه الخاصة وهو لا يدرك الأشياء كما يدركها الكبار. وهذا يعني أن تفكير الطفل يمرّ بمراحل متعددة ومتدرجة، حتى يصل فيها إلى مستوى الوضوح والمنطق والموضوعية... وفي الفصل الأول من هذا الكتاب سيلقى المؤلف الضوء على عقلية الطفل حسب نظرية (بياجيه) عالم الطفولة الشهير، وفي الفصل الثاني سيتكلم عن مراحل تطوّر الذكاء، وفي الفصل الثالث، تأتى اختبارات (بياجيه) التي استخدمها لدراسة تفكير الطفل.
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