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الشكلات (Info)

يعد تعدد الشكلات إحدى السمات المميزة للغة السريانية. وتنقسم هذه بحسب دورها إلى أربع فئات:

نقاط الجمع: وتسمى بالسريانية سيامي (ܣܝ̈ܳܡܶܐ) -̈، وهي نقطتين أفقيتين فوق أو أسفل الحرف ما قبل الأخير من الاسم ليدل على كونه يمثل جمع (اثنان أو أكثر).
التنقيط: ويستعمل للتفريق بين ال"دولث" (ܕ) عن ال"ريش" (ܪ) حيث ترسم النقطة في الأسفل في حالة الدولث وبالأعلى بالريش. وتعتبر مع نقاط الجمع أقدم الشكلات بالسريانية، حيث يعود أقدم ذكر لها لسنة 411م.
الحركات الصوتية، ويمكن تقسيم تطورها إلى مرحلتين:
1. المرحلة المشتركة، وفيها تطورت الحركات بصورة متماثلة لدى اللهجتين الشرقية والغربية وتمتد هذه الفترة حتى حوالي 600م. استعملت فيها علامات خاصة لتمييز الكلمات التي تشترك بنفس الحروف.
2. المرحلة الثانية، وفيها بدأت تظهر فروق في علامات التشكيل بين المشارقة والمغاربة، ومن ميزات هذه المرحلة تطوير نظام تنقيطي معقد بشكل انفرادي للإشارة إلى المصوتات. فبدأ اللغويون المشارقة منذ القرن الحادي عشر بتطوير هذا النظام التنقيطي وتوحيده حتى أصبح مع هو عليه في الوقت الحاضر. أما المغاربة فقد طوروا نظاما مختلفا تماما وذلك بتبني حروف يونانية من أجل تمثيل الحركات القصيرة، ويعد يعقوب الرهاوي أول من حاول تطوير هذا النظام وبالرغم من أن أعماله لم تلق قبولا واسعة وقتها غير أن أفكاره اعتمدت بعد تحويرها بحلول القرن الثالث عشر.
علامات التشكيل، وهي علامات في غاية التعقيد تستعمل في الكتابات اللاهوتية والليتورجية فقط.

Source: wikipedia.org

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