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| Author: | أ . وادال |
| Category: | History [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Rank: | 322,577 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
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الحضارة هي أهم نقطة تحول في تاريخ البشرية، وهي الكلمة التي تختصر وصف عالمنا الحالي الذي يعيش مرحلة من مراحل تطور الحضارة، ولكن ما هي الحضارة؟ يسمع القارئ هذه الكلمة باستمرار ويتمتع أو يعاني من نتائجها بدون أن يعرف تعريفها. إننا لا نتكلم عن الثقافة، التي تعرف بأنها الصفات المشتركة لمجموعة بشرية، فمثلا سكان الكهوف قبل أن يعرفوا الزراعة كانت لهم لغة ودين وعادات وموسيقى وخرافات وفن ونكت وقصص، وهذه مجتمعة من عناصر الثقافة وليست الحضارة التي تمتاز بكونها أرقى من ذلك. إن أهم أسس الحضارة هي المدينة والتوثيق أي الكتابة. فالمدينة تعني وجود تجمع سكاني كبير يطيع سلطة حاكم يفرض القانون عن طريق جهاز شرطة ويدافع عن المدينة بجيش محترف وشديد التنظيم وجنود في زي موحد رسمي مع وجود قضاء ومؤسسات دينية. وأما التوثيق فهو قابلية الإنسان على التسجيل كمرجع للمستقبل مثل، عقود التجارة والزواج والقوانين وقرارات السلطة والرسائل والأدب. وقد يعتبر البعض أن هذا من البديهيات وكم هم مخطئون، فقد عاشت البشرية لمئات السنين بدون هذه «البديهيات» ولا يزال الكثير من الناس حتى الآن غير قادرين على احترام الحضارة.
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