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| Author: | Bechara Menassa |
| Category: | State Constitution [Edit] |
| Language: | English |
| Publisher: | دار النهار للنشر |
| ISBN: | 9789953742755 |
| Release Date: | 09 Dec 2010 |
| Pages: | 497 |
| Rank: | 624,405 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
On peut examiner la constitution libanaise sous deux aspects, evolutif d’un cote, statique et archaique de l’autre, ou les deux a la fois. Est-elle après 1990, un syncretisme constitutionnel ou un archaism, car elle obeit aux servitudes du portage communautaire ou participle-t-elle des deux modeles? D’un point de vue autant un regime parlementaires ni d’assemblee. Il obeit a des vecteurs qui ne sont ni presidentiels ni parlementaires ni d’assemblee. De ce point de vue le regime issu de Taef parait plus un syncretisme de tous les systems connus en democratie qu’un systeme de demoncraite a la carte. Dans un autre ordre d’idees, le regime du communautarisme dans les diverses phases qu’il a traverses peut etre considere comme une succession de mainmises communautaires sur les instances du nouvel Etat depuis sa crestion en 1920.
La constitution de 1926, avec ses amendements de 1927 et 1929, consacrait une preponderance chretienne, sous diverses forms, dans toutes les institutions de l’Etat. Cette preponderance se prolongera tant bien que mal après l’independence, jusqu’en 1975. A partir de cette date, elle est mise a mal par une alliance sunnito-palestinienne.
A partir de 1990, les maronites passsent la main a la communaute Sunnite, jouissant de l’appui du tandem Etats-Unis – Arabie Saoudite dominant au Proche-Orient.
Fragile, le pouvoir est cependant marquee par une nouvelle equation, le binome sunnito-chiite ou la premiere place revient aux Sunnites. La guerre d’Irak (1993) ebranle le tandem saoudo-american au Moyen-Orient avec l’emergence de l’Iran comme pole d’attraction pour tous les chiites de la region et du monde. La constitution libanaise est aussi ebranlee que tout le reste. Les partis chiites contestant de facto une Constitution favorable aux Sunnites après l’avoir ete aux chretiens.
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