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books أنواع النقل النشط

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أنواع النقل النشط (Info)


النقل النشط الأولي

يُعرف النقل النشط الذي يستخدم ثلاثي فوسفات الأدنوسين (ATP) كمصدر مباشر للطاقة بالنقل النشط الأولي، ويعتبر هذا النوع من أنواع النقل النشط نادر الحدوث، لأنّه يستهلك كمية كبيرة من الطاقة، حيث تقوم مجموعة إنزيمات (ATPases) بتحفيز عملية نَزع الفُوسْفات من ثلاثي فوسفات الأدينوسين، حتى ينتج كل من ثنائي فسفات الأدنوسين (ADP)، وأيون الفوسفات الحر عن هذا التفاعل، إلى جانب إطلاق الطاقة التي تُستخدم لتحفيز التفاعلات الكيميائية الأخرى التي تحتاجها لتتم، وتعتبر كل من طاقة الأكسدة وطاقة الفوتون من مصادر الطاقة الأخرى للنقل النشط الأولي، حيث تُستخدم طاقة الأكسدة في سلسلة نقل إلكترون الميتوكوندريا أثناء عملية التنفس الخلوي، فيتم فيها استخدام طاقة الاختزال من ثنائي نوكليوتيد الأدنين وأميد النيكوتين (NADH) لنقل البروتونات عبر الغشاء الداخلي للميتوكوندريا بعكس تدرّج تركيزها.


النقل النشط الثانوي

يُعرف النقل النشط الثانوي باسم "cotransport"، ويتم فيه استخدام فرق الجهد الكهروكيميائي الذي تم إنشاؤه عن طريق ضخ الأيونات إلى خارج الخلية للتمكن من نقل الجزيئات عبر الغشاء، وذلك بدلاً من الاقتران المباشر بثلاثي فوسفات الأدنوسين (ATP)، كما هو الحال مع النقل النشط الأولي، ويعتبر الشكلان الرئيسيان من هذا النقل: "antiport"، و "symport".


Source: mawdoo3.com
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