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بورما قبل الغزو البريطاني (Info)


بفضل موقعها، مرت الطرق التجارية بين الصين والهند مباشرة عبر البلاد، ما أبقى بورما غنية بسبب التجارة، على الرغم من أن زراعة الاكتفاء الذاتي كانت ما تزال أساس الاقتصاد. سافر التجار الهنود على طول السواحل والأنهار (خاصة نهر إيراوادي) في جميع أنحاء المناطق التي تعيش فيها غالبية البورميين، ما جلب تأثيرات الثقافة الهندية إلى البلاد والتي ما تزال موجودة هناك حتى اليوم. لأن بورما واحدة من أولى الدول الآسيوية الجنوبية الشرقية التي تبنت البوذية على نطاق واسع، ظلّت البوذية تحت الحكم البريطاني الديانة المعتنقة رسميًا لمعظم السكان.

قبل الغزو والاستعمار البريطاني، اتبعت سلالة كونباونغ الحاكمة شكلًا شديد المركزية من الحكم. كان الملك هو الرئيس التنفيذي وصاحب القول الفصل في جميع الأمور، لكن ليس في وسعه وضع قوانين جديدة ويمكنه فقط إصدار مراسيم إدارية. كان للبلاد مدونتان قانونيتان، وهما راجاتهات وداماتهات، وقُسّم اللوتو، مركز الحكومة، إلى ثلاثة فروع: المالي والتنفيذي والقضائي. من الناحية النظرية، كان الملك مسؤولًا عن كل اللوتو، ولكن لا تنفَّذ أي من أوامره، حتى يوافق اللوتو عليها، وبالتالي التحقق من صلاحياته. علاوة على تقسيم البلاد، حُكمت المقاطعات من قبل الحكام الذين يعيّنهم اللوتو، وحُكمت القرى من قبل رؤساء وراثيين يوافق عليهم الملك.

Source: wikipedia.org
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Copyright reserved
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The British Gulf: “how Britain Made The Arab Gulf Countries”
Public Domain
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