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| Author: | مصطفى الحز |
| Category: | Human Capabilities [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Publisher: | دار الملايين |
| Release Date: | 27 Jul 2020 |
| Pages: | 335 |
| Rank: | 182,795 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
يعد مصطلح نظام SYSTEM إصطلاحاً حديثاً ظهر في نهاية الأربعينات من القرن العشرين، وقد انتشر بسرعة حتى أصبح الآن يستخدم على نطاق واسع بصور متعددة في مجالات مختلفة، فبتنا نسمع عن النظام السياسي، النظام الدولي، النظام الإقتصادي، النظام العددي، نظام الحاسب الإلكتروني، نظام المعلومات، ونظام القدرة الكهربائي.
إن مفهوم النظام SYSTEM هو مفهوم علمي عام وشامل لا يختلف من مجال لآخر، أي أن النظام نفسه يختلف بإختلاف المجال الذي ينتمي إليه (البيئة التي ينشط فيها النظام)، أما مفهومه العلمي فواحد لا يتغير، فالنظام الكهربائي والنظام العددي مختلفان قطعاً، ولكنهما كليهما يخضعان للمفهوم نفسه.
وبصورة عامة يمكن تعريف النظام بأنه مجموعة من العناصر التي تتفاعل بعضها مع بعض من أجل تحقيق أهداف محددة بناءً على معطيات محددة.
فالنظام هو ذلك الكل المنظم الذي يجمع بين عناصر عدة لتشكل معاً تركيباً موحداً تنتظم مكوناته (عناصره) وفق علاقات تبادلية محددة.
ضمن هذا التركيب الموحد (النظام) لا يمكن عزل أحد أو بعض العناصر عن البعض الآخر، فكل عنصر يحتفظ بخصائصه، إلا أنه في النهاية هو جزء من كل متكامل.
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