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| Author: | AlQazwini |
| Category: | Islamic Landmarks [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Publisher: | دار البشائر الإسلامية |
| Release Date: | 01 Jan 2005 |
| Pages: | 680 |
| Rank: | 604,343 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
إن ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﯿﺨﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﯿﺔ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ، ﻷﻧﮫﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺸﯿﻮخ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻟﻘﯿﮫﻢ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ، وﻣﺮوﻳﺎﺗﮫﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺒﺬة اﻟﻨﯿﻞ واﻟﻔﺮات: ﻛﺘﺐ أھﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﯿﻦ، وﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ روﻳﺖ ﻋﻨﮫﻢ، ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎل ھﺆﻻء اﻟﺸﯿﻮخ، وﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﮫﻢ، وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﮫﻢ، وﻣﺎ اﺷﺘﻐﻠﻮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ أﻟﻮان اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ، وﺑﯿﺎن طﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﮫﻢ ﺳﻤﺎع أو إﺟﺎزة، وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻠﻘﺎء وزﻣﺎﻧﻪ، وﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮة. وﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺎل، وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ طﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻔﻘﮫﺎء وأزﻣﺎﻧﮫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﮫﻤﺎت اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ، وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ أﻟﻒ... اﻟﺦ)، وﻟﺬا ﺣﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ وﻓﻲ ھﺬا ﻳﻘﻮل اﺑﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻔﺬ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺮف اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ: (إن طﻠﺐ اﻹﺟﺎزة واﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن أھﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ، وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أﻓﺎﺿﻞ اﻷﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻲ وﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ وﻓﻘﯿﻪ، ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﻟﯿﻒ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺎً وﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎً، وﺗﻌﺪدت ﻣﻨﺎھﺠﮫﻢ ﻓﯿﻪ. وھﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﯿﺨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻨﻔﮫﺎ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺳﺮاج اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺰوﻳﻨﻲ ﻟﮫﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻛﺒﯿﺮة، ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻨﻮن اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، وﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ، وﻗﺮاءات، وﻓﻘﻪ، وﻧﺤﻮ، وﻟﻐﺔ، وﺗﺼﻮف، وﻏﯿﺮ ذﻟﻚ، واﻟﺘﻲ وﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﮫﺎ، وذھﺐ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧﺮ، وﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﻘﺎھﺎ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻒ ﺑﻄﺮق ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮاءة، أو ﺳﻤﺎع، أو إﺟﺎزة. وذﻛﺮ ﺳﻨﺪه ﻓﻲ رواﻳﺘﻪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب، وﻗﺪ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺐ أو ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﯿﻦ، ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﺸﯿﻮﺧﻪ، وﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﯿﺌﺎً ﻣﻦ أﺧﺒﺎرھﻢ، وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒﮫﻢ، وطﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﮫﻢ. ھﺬا ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ أﻧﮫﺎ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻐﺪاد ﻏﺪاة ﺳﻘﻮطﮫﺎ ﺑﯿﺪ اﻟﺘﺘﺎر، ﺳﻨﺔ (656ھـ)، واﻷﺟﻮاء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ، وﻣﺠﺎﻟﺲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ، وﺧﺰاﺋﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﮫﺎ، وﺗﻈﮫﺮ طﺮق اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺲ، واﻟﺮواﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﺪاوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ، ﻓﮫﻲ ﻣﺸﯿﺨﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ، ﻗﺪ أﺷﺎد ﺑﮫﺎ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ، ﻓﻘﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺳﺮاح اﻟﺪﻳﻦ: (وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﮫﺮﺳﺖ، أﺟﺎد ﻓﯿﻪ). وﻷﺟﻞ أھﻤﯿﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﯿﺨﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ اھﺘﻢ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر :ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺒﺮى" ﺑﺨﺪﻣﺘﮫﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﯿﻘﮫﺎ وﺑﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺘﻨﮫﺎ، واﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ رواى اﻹﺳﻨﺎد، واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﻓﯿﮫﺎ، وﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﺎ طﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﮫﺎ وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﯿﻪ إﻟﻰ طﺒﻌﺎت اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺠﻮدة أو ﻋﺪﻣﮫﺎ، و
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