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| Author: | Michio Kaku |
| Category: | Balance In Nature [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Publisher: | أكاديميا انترناشونال |
| ISBN: | 13978 |
| Release Date: | 01 Jan 1991 |
| Pages: | 232 |
| Rank: | 351,265 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
The Author Book After Einstein and the author of 8 another books.
د.
ميتشيو كاكو هو عالم مختص بمجال الفيزياء النظرية، ومتخصص في نظرية الحقل الوتري (بالإنجليزية: String field theory)، أيضا يشتغل كعالم مستقبليات.
ولد كاكو في سان جوزيه بولاية كاليفورنيا الأمريكية في 24 يناير عام 1947 من والدين يابانيين مهاجرين إلى الولايات المتحدة حيث ألتقى والده بأمه لأول مره في إحدى مخيمات الأعتقال التي احتجز فيها الأمريكيين من أصل ياباني وأنجبا اثنين من أخوته داخل المخيم حصل على درجة الدكتوراة في عام 1972.
كاكو يعشق تبسيط الفيزياء للجميع، ولذلك فإنه مضيف لبرنامجيين إذاعيين, وكتبه دائما من أعلى الكتب مبيعا.
حصل على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء النظرية عن نظريته في الأوتار الفائقة.
نشرت له سلسلة عالم المعرفة الكويتية كتابين اثنين: "رؤى مستقبلية; كيف سيغير العلم مستقبلنا في القرن الواحد والعشرين", بالإضافة إلى كتاب "فيزياء المستحيل".
ﺗﻨﺎﻣﻰ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﻟﺪى "ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻮ ﻛﺎﻛﻮ" وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷوﺗﺎر، ﺑﺄن اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻄﺎردة ﺳﺎذﺟﺔ ﻣﺘﮫﻮرة، ﻟﻢ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎﺋﯿﯿﻦ "ﺟﻮن ﺷﻮارﺗﺰ" و"ﺟﻮﻳﻞ ﺷﯿﺮك" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ أﻋﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﯿﻨﺎت أن ﺻﯿﻐﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﯿﺪاً ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷوﺗﺎر ھﺬه ﻟﺮﺑﻤﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ اﻷﺳﻄﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ اﻣﺘﻨﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ "أﻳﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ" وﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎء اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ. وأﺧﯿﺮاً وﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم 1984 ﺣﺪث ﺗﻘﺪم ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ وﻣﺜﯿﺮ، ظﮫﺮ وﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺤﺴﻢ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺪت "اﻷوﺗﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ" ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ "ﺷﻮارﺗﺰ" وﺷﯿﺮك" ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺪة ﺳﻨﻮات، ﻛﺄﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ (اﻟﻤﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ) ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ. وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ زاﻟﺖ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﺼﯿﺎﻏﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ أن ھﺬا اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ طﺮﻳﻘﻪ إﻟﻰ إﺣﺪاث ھﺰة ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎء. وﻛﺎن "ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻮ ﻛﺎﻛﻮ" ﻗﺪ أﻧﺠﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎً ﺑﻌﻨﻮان: "وﺟﮫﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ" ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮاك ﻣﻊ "ﺟﻨﯿﻔﺮ ﺗﺮﻳﻨﺮ"، وھﻲ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﺔ، وﺑﺪا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ أن ﻳﺘﻨﻈﻢ اﻻﺛﻨﺎن ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ وﻳﺠﯿﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤل اﻟﺬي اﺳﺘﺤﻮذ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﻣﯿﺸﯿﻮ" ﻣﻨﺬ ﺛﻼﺛﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ: "ﻣﺎ ھﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ؟". ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﻌﯿﺎ ﺳﻮﻳﺎً ﻹﻋﺪاد ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي ﻧﻘﻠﺐ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺗﻪ، واﻟﺬي ﻳﺼﻠﺢ دﻟﯿﻼً ﻟﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﻣﻤﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﻠﻜﮫﻢ ﺣﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻄﻼع، وأراد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻋﺮض "ﺛﻮرة اﻷوﺗﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ" ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﻟﯿﻘﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺜﻘﯿﻔﻲ ﺣّﻲ، ﻓﺠﺎءت ﺧﺒﺮة ﻛﻠﯿﮫﻤﺎ ﻛﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ وﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﯿﮫﺎ ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل. ﻟﻘﺪ وﻓﺮا ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، إﻋﺠﺎزاً ﺷﺎﻣﻼً ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎء، ﻣﻊ طﺮح ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻻوﺗﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮر اﻟﻌﻠﻢ. وھﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب "ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻳﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ" ھﻮ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻣﻔﻮﺿﺎً ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻌﺰوﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ دواﺋﺮ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮر اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﯿﺰﻳﺎء، ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻹطﺎر اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ. ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ ﺑﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻚ اﻟﻜﻢ؟ ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ "ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ" ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺬب اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷوﺗﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻘﺔ؟ ھﺬه ھﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﺴﺎؤﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ "ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ أﻳﻨﺸﺘﺎﻳﻦ"
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