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The book cannot be previewed or downloaded in order to preserve the copyright of the author and publishing house
Not available digitally or on paper through the Noor Library, it is for rating and review
| Author: | Zakaria Mahran |
| Category: | Social And Political Philosophy [Edit] |
| Language: | Arabic |
| Publisher: | مكتبة المشرق الإلكترونية |
| Release Date: | 01 Jan 2020 |
| Pages: | 232 |
| Rank: | 680,269 No 1 most popular |
| Short link: | Copy |
| More books like this book | |
The Author Book Money And Monetary Policy Brief and the author of 11 another books.
زكريا مهران: ماليٌّ حقوقيٌّ مِصْري، تخرَّجَ في مدرسةِ الحُقوقِ بالقاهرةِ عامَ ١٩٢٠م، وعملَ بالمحاماة، ثمَّ انصرفَ إلى الاقتصادِ فعملَ مع «طلعت حرب» في بنكِ مصرَ وشركاتِه قبلَ أن يُعيَّنَ عضوًا في مجلسِ الشُّيوخ. من أهمِّ مُؤلَّفاتِه «مُوجَز النقودِ والسياسةِ النقديَّة»، و«التارِيخ يُفسِّرُ التضخُّمَ والتقلُّص». تُوفِّي بالقاهرةِ عامَ ١٩٤٩م بشكلٍ فُجائيٍّ أثناءَ إحدى جلَساتِ المَجلس.
فَرضَتِ الحاجَةُ الاقْتِصاديَّةُ ضَرُورةَ إيجادِ وَسِيلةٍ ما لحِفظِ القِيمَة، فتَدرَّجَ الفِكرُ الاقْتِصاديُّ فِي اسْتِخدامِ أَدَواتٍ لهَذا الحِفْظ؛ بَدْءًا مِنَ المُقايَضة، مُرُورًا باسْتِخدامِ النُّقودِ المَعدِنيَّةِ والصُّكُوك، وانْتِهاءً بالعُمْلاتِ الوَرقِيَّة؛ كُلُّ هَذا التَّدرُّجِ فَرَضَتْه تَطوُّراتٌ اقْتِصادِيَّةٌ واتِّساعُ حَركةِ التِّجارةِ المَحَليَّةِ والعَالَمِيَّة. وكانَ قُدماءُ المِصْريِّينَ أوَّلَ مَنِ استَخدَمَ المَعادِنَ كعُمْلة، قَبلَ أنْ يَستخدِمَها الصِّينِيُّون، وقَدْ حَرَصَتْ كُلُّ دَوْلةٍ عَلى سَكِّ عُمْلتِها ونَقشَتْ عَلَيْها ما يُعبِّرُ عَن سِيادتِها، وظَلَّ العَالَمُ يَتعامَلُ بالصوليدوس الرُّومانِيِّ باعْتِبارِه عُمْلةً دَوْليَّةً إِلى أنْ أَسَّسَ «عبد الملك بن مروان» أوَّلَ نِظامٍ نَقْديٍّ مُستقِلٍّ للدَّوْلةِ الأُمَويَّةِ فِي عَهْدِه. ومعَ التَّطوُّراتِ الاقْتِصاديَّةِ احْتاجَ العَالَمُ مُنذُ القَرنِ الثالِثَ عَشرَ تَقرِيبًا إِلى نِظامٍ نَقْديٍّ يَعتمِدُ عَلى الذَّهبِ والصُّكُوك؛ فظَهرَتِ النُّقودُ التِي تُعطِي التُّجَّارَ مَا يَحتاجُونَه مِن صُكُوكٍ كضَمانٍ مَالِي. واسْتمَرَّ الأَمرُ هَكَذا حَتَّى الحَربِ العَالَمِيَّةِ الأُولَى؛ إذْ بَدأَ العَالَمُ فِي التَّخلِّي عَنِ العُمْلاتِ المَعدِنيَّةِ لصالِحِ الوَرَقيَّة. ويَرصُدُ المُؤلِّفُ فِي هَذا الكِتابِ مَسيرَةَ النُّقُودِ مُنذُ نَشأَتِها حتَّى مَا بَعدَ الحَربِ العَالَمِيةِ الأُولَى.
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